CVE-2026-31656 - Vulnerability Details

Vendors	Products
Linux Subscribe	Linux Kernel Subscribe

Link	Providers
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682ee

Type	Values Removed	Values Added
Description		In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat A use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat worker and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() race to release the same engine->heartbeat.systole request. The heartbeat worker reads engine->heartbeat.systole and calls i915_request_put() on it when the request is complete, but clears the pointer in a separate, non-atomic step. Concurrently, a request retirement on another CPU can drop the engine wakeref to zero, triggering __engine_park() -> intel_engine_park_heartbeat(). If the heartbeat timer is pending at that point, cancel_delayed_work() returns true and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() reads the stale non-NULL systole pointer and calls i915_request_put() on it again, causing a refcount underflow: ``` <4> [487.221889] Workqueue: i915-unordered engine_retire [i915] <4> [487.222640] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x68/0xb0 ... <4> [487.222707] Call Trace: <4> [487.222711] <TASK> <4> [487.222716] intel_engine_park_heartbeat.part.0+0x6f/0x80 [i915] <4> [487.223115] intel_engine_park_heartbeat+0x25/0x40 [i915] <4> [487.223566] __engine_park+0xb9/0x650 [i915] <4> [487.223973] ____intel_wakeref_put_last+0x2e/0xb0 [i915] <4> [487.224408] __intel_wakeref_put_last+0x72/0x90 [i915] <4> [487.224797] intel_context_exit_engine+0x7c/0x80 [i915] <4> [487.225238] intel_context_exit+0xf1/0x1b0 [i915] <4> [487.225695] i915_request_retire.part.0+0x1b9/0x530 [i915] <4> [487.226178] i915_request_retire+0x1c/0x40 [i915] <4> [487.226625] engine_retire+0x122/0x180 [i915] <4> [487.227037] process_one_work+0x239/0x760 <4> [487.227060] worker_thread+0x200/0x3f0 <4> [487.227068] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 <4> [487.227075] kthread+0x10d/0x150 <4> [487.227083] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 <4> [487.227092] ret_from_fork+0x3d4/0x480 <4> [487.227099] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 <4> [487.227107] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 <4> [487.227141] </TASK> ``` Fix this by replacing the non-atomic pointer read + separate clear with xchg() in both racing paths. xchg() is a single indivisible hardware instruction that atomically reads the old pointer and writes NULL. This guarantees only one of the two concurrent callers obtains the non-NULL pointer and performs the put, the other gets NULL and skips it. (cherry picked from commit 13238dc0ee4f9ab8dafa2cca7295736191ae2f42)
Title		drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat
First Time appeared		Linux Linux linux Kernel
CPEs		cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel::::::::
Vendors & Products		Linux Linux linux Kernel
References		https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682ee

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-31656", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.129Z", "datePublished": "2026-04-24T14:45:07.738Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T14:45:07.738Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-04-24T14:45:07.738Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat\n\nA use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat\nworker and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() race to release the same\nengine->heartbeat.systole request.\n\nThe heartbeat worker reads engine->heartbeat.systole and calls\ni915_request_put() on it when the request is complete, but clears\nthe pointer in a separate, non-atomic step. Concurrently, a request\nretirement on another CPU can drop the engine wakeref to zero, triggering\n__engine_park() -> intel_engine_park_heartbeat(). If the heartbeat\ntimer is pending at that point, cancel_delayed_work() returns true and\nintel_engine_park_heartbeat() reads the stale non-NULL systole pointer\nand calls i915_request_put() on it again, causing a refcount underflow:\n\n```\n<4> [487.221889] Workqueue: i915-unordered engine_retire [i915]\n<4> [487.222640] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x68/0xb0\n...\n<4> [487.222707] Call Trace:\n<4> [487.222711] <TASK>\n<4> [487.222716] intel_engine_park_heartbeat.part.0+0x6f/0x80 [i915]\n<4> [487.223115] intel_engine_park_heartbeat+0x25/0x40 [i915]\n<4> [487.223566] __engine_park+0xb9/0x650 [i915]\n<4> [487.223973] ____intel_wakeref_put_last+0x2e/0xb0 [i915]\n<4> [487.224408] __intel_wakeref_put_last+0x72/0x90 [i915]\n<4> [487.224797] intel_context_exit_engine+0x7c/0x80 [i915]\n<4> [487.225238] intel_context_exit+0xf1/0x1b0 [i915]\n<4> [487.225695] i915_request_retire.part.0+0x1b9/0x530 [i915]\n<4> [487.226178] i915_request_retire+0x1c/0x40 [i915]\n<4> [487.226625] engine_retire+0x122/0x180 [i915]\n<4> [487.227037] process_one_work+0x239/0x760\n<4> [487.227060] worker_thread+0x200/0x3f0\n<4> [487.227068] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\n<4> [487.227075] kthread+0x10d/0x150\n<4> [487.227083] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n<4> [487.227092] ret_from_fork+0x3d4/0x480\n<4> [487.227099] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n<4> [487.227107] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n<4> [487.227141] </TASK>\n```\n\nFix this by replacing the non-atomic pointer read + separate clear with\nxchg() in both racing paths. xchg() is a single indivisible hardware\ninstruction that atomically reads the old pointer and writes NULL. This\nguarantees only one of the two concurrent callers obtains the non-NULL\npointer and performs the put, the other gets NULL and skips it.\n\n(cherry picked from commit 13238dc0ee4f9ab8dafa2cca7295736191ae2f42)"}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_heartbeat.c"], "versions": [{"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682ee", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa", "lessThan": "4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_engine_heartbeat.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.5", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.203", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.169", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.135", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.82", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.23", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.13", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.203"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.169"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.135"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.82"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.23"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.13"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.5", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682ee"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061"}], "title": "drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat\n\nA use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat\nworker and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() race to release the same\nengine->heartbeat.systole request.\n\nThe heartbeat worker reads engine->heartbeat.systole and calls\ni915_request_put() on it when the request is complete, but clears\nthe pointer in a separate, non-atomic step. Concurrently, a request\nretirement on another CPU can drop the engine wakeref to zero, triggering\n__engine_park() -> intel_engine_park_heartbeat(). If the heartbeat\ntimer is pending at that point, cancel_delayed_work() returns true and\nintel_engine_park_heartbeat() reads the stale non-NULL systole pointer\nand calls i915_request_put() on it again, causing a refcount underflow:\n\n```\n<4> [487.221889] Workqueue: i915-unordered engine_retire [i915]\n<4> [487.222640] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x68/0xb0\n...\n<4> [487.222707] Call Trace:\n<4> [487.222711] <TASK>\n<4> [487.222716] intel_engine_park_heartbeat.part.0+0x6f/0x80 [i915]\n<4> [487.223115] intel_engine_park_heartbeat+0x25/0x40 [i915]\n<4> [487.223566] __engine_park+0xb9/0x650 [i915]\n<4> [487.223973] ____intel_wakeref_put_last+0x2e/0xb0 [i915]\n<4> [487.224408] __intel_wakeref_put_last+0x72/0x90 [i915]\n<4> [487.224797] intel_context_exit_engine+0x7c/0x80 [i915]\n<4> [487.225238] intel_context_exit+0xf1/0x1b0 [i915]\n<4> [487.225695] i915_request_retire.part.0+0x1b9/0x530 [i915]\n<4> [487.226178] i915_request_retire+0x1c/0x40 [i915]\n<4> [487.226625] engine_retire+0x122/0x180 [i915]\n<4> [487.227037] process_one_work+0x239/0x760\n<4> [487.227060] worker_thread+0x200/0x3f0\n<4> [487.227068] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\n<4> [487.227075] kthread+0x10d/0x150\n<4> [487.227083] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n<4> [487.227092] ret_from_fork+0x3d4/0x480\n<4> [487.227099] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n<4> [487.227107] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n<4> [487.227141] </TASK>\n```\n\nFix this by replacing the non-atomic pointer read + separate clear with\nxchg() in both racing paths. xchg() is a single indivisible hardware\ninstruction that atomically reads the old pointer and writes NULL. This\nguarantees only one of the two concurrent callers obtains the non-NULL\npointer and performs the put, the other gets NULL and skips it.\n\n(cherry picked from commit 13238dc0ee4f9ab8dafa2cca7295736191ae2f42)"}], "id": "CVE-2026-31656", "lastModified": "2026-04-24T17:51:40.810", "metrics": {}, "published": "2026-04-24T15:16:45.097", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682ee"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis"}

Metrics

Affected Vendors & Products

Projects

Metrics

Affected Vendors & Products

Projects

JSON object

JSON object

JSON object

JSON object

JSON object